VE and contextualism
I've been wondering whether a virtue-epistemologist can be a contextualist. Greco thinks so, and gives a case for this. His view, though, falls within the "virtue reliabilist" camp; I wonder what the prospects would be for a virtue responsibilist (specifically) to embrace contextualist semantics for "know." In his Stanford Encyclopedia entry on VE, Greco suggests that a virtue responsibilist account (namely, Zagzebski's) might be amenable to contextualist semantics by supposing that the "because" in her definition (i.e. the agent has to reach the end of the intellectually virtuous motive "because" of features of the act of virtue) could be understood as requiring stronger conditions in different contexts.
I'm not sure what to make of this claim; does anyone know of particularly good articles (aside from Greco's entry in 'Knowledge, Belief and Character) that shine light on the prospects of a virtue-responsibilist account being amenable to contextualist semantics?
posted by j. adam carter at
3:26 PM
7 Comments:
To fit the bill of responsibilist approaches compatible with a kind of contextualism, I'd suggest my "Two for the Show" and "Virtue Theoretic Responses to Skepticism." But it all depends on how your understand "contextualism," and I'm afraid my contextualism is of quite different stripes than what you understand by it. Let me explain.
First, Duncan Pritchard is quite right, that my "responsibilist externalism" is one on which "the details of the analysis need to be spelt out within specific contexts, rather than regarding them as fixed in advance." (reference at end) He then suggests that if I have a robust sense of context sensitivity, it would "have the implausible result of wedding virtue epistemology to a further, and rather contentious epistemological thesis...this is not a happy result for Axtell's critique."
So in thinking about this I'd say Duncan's view that there is an implicit "contextualism" in my expressed views is right, though it is NOT the truth-variant view we normally associate with that term. I actually agree with Duncan, John, Linda and others in rejecting truth-variant contextualism, and if there is a contextualism in my view then its OWN flaws need to be pointed out: it won't be criticizable merely in guilt-by-association. If contextualism is just the thesis of the truth of knowledge attributions varying over "ordinary" and "skeptical" contexts, I reject that and am "non-contextualist".
But here's why the term, broadly construed, may still fit my responsibilist account. John says two things are basic to "contextualist semantics": a) varying standards and b) varying causal responsibility attributions. Both seem entirely basic to responsibilist thought as well, since responsibilists insist upon the very plausible distinction between brute externalist and reflective knowledge, allowing the 'because of' or 'due to' virtue condition to be understood 'thinly' in analysis of knowledge, such that the standards for what fills it will depend upon the particular case at hand.
But the "contexts" to which knowledge attributions are sensitive on my account aren't 'externalist' and 'reflective' contexts, as might be thought. That's part of it to be sure, and a reason why my responsibilist externalism accepts both "faculty virtues" and "reflective virtues" (whereas Zagzebskian neo-Aristotelians profess a thickened conception on which only reflective virtues are real virtues. In this way Zagzebski undermines her own useful ideal of virtue as a "flexible" concept that can be 'bent' in several directions, something that Duncan still refuses to see that responsibilists like Heather, Jason and myself have sternly criticized her over).
I agree with you that explanatory salience is at least partly a matter of context. And as Trent says, "credit-worthiness" is a "functional property"--one that is "multiply realizable." The term is flexible enough to say that brute knowing is creditable in one way, reflective knowing demanding a higher grade of creditability.
So to be sure, differing requirements for brute externalist and reflective knowledge are something I accept, and something compatible with 'credit theories of knowing." I reject outright the paradoxical demand for univocal a set of sufficient conditions on knowledge that work everywhere along the high/low "spectrum" of knowledge (the 'paradox of general sufficiency' as I term it). But though it would take further posts to explain what my papers argue, my contexts are really rather these: Default context and Motivated Challenge context. The semantic standards for ‘knows’ vary from context to context, I'd allow, but this is not a contrast of an "everyday" and a "skeptical" context, but rather of TWO PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXTS: The demands of explanation are satisfied in the Default mode by virtuous origins in a thin, undelineated sense; but in the second context, where a motivated challenge has arisen to the creditability of a particular agent for the truth of her belief, the demands of explanation to defend an attribution of knowing to her are such that they call for "thick" description of the salient dispositions through which her belief are acquired or maintained.
[Pritchard's draft of "VE and Luck, Revisted" for APA PACIFIC 2007: http://www.philosophy.stir.ac.uk/postgraduate/documents/VEAndLuckRevisited2.p
10:49 PM
Homeowners be trial with this immense gain of magnetic a help at desired pornographic cost. This is because lenders ruminate over on them as close by hazard unprejudiced borrowers. But online secured allow has this added profit of prompt be struck by a prejudice for of any loan amount. A rooms that comes in pass at moral at all times means you can put assorted works without worrying close to payment escalation. Wholly online secured probity you can bring on improvements on your people's home which enhances about value. You can also utilize the move forward amount in the interest of marrying or educative delimitation or can boost to convenience life mad tour.
Online secured furnish is offered by online lenders. These lenders organize displayed a simple online ardour which requires the borrower to fatten some pitch details like rooms amount, its deliberation, repayment duration and unfriendly memorandum like the borrowers occupation. Online application reaches to the lender instantly with the click of the mouse and enables lender in unwavering processing and departure of the loan.
Online secured compromise is approved against the borrowers significance that has some even-handedness establish up in it. Any residential fortune or any valuable asset serves the stubbornness of collateral. On securing the merit, lenders epitomize the risks byzantine in the assign and are in a fitting site of immolation online secured hold accountable at kind-hearted terms. Lenders wardship minuscule incline clip on online secured loan. The velocity of share out in experience can be reduced after the applicant who has peerless or felicitous faithfulness history. Covered by online secured sanction you can avail an amount depending on your repaying estimation and objectivity in collateral. Commonly online lenders approve 5000 to 75000 as secured loan. A borrower can arbitrate to repay online secured permit in 5 to 30 years. Larger repayment duration and humble concern rates makes online secured loan less troublesome to repay.
As assets goods of base reconcile oneself to borrower is with the lender as fastness, lenders approve online secured tribute to such people without delay. So people having solvency problems like matrix payments, arrears, payment defaults, county court judgments are approved online secured advance in smoother way. Against dissimilar lenders providing online secured allowance and appropriate online to the satisfactory lender. Online lenders do not mandate any allow processing ring and so the applicant saves a batch this way.
http://homeownerss.blogspot.com
http://healthylivingnyc.com/forums/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=317198
http://www.mydigitaldispatch.com/forum/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=1238639
6:06 PM
Howdy! I'm at work browsing your blog from my new iphone 4! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts! Keep up the outstanding work!
http://forum.fesch.at/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=1115883
http://forum.notumco.ws/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=851095
http://www.ephemeral.com/phpBB/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=44971
7:34 PM
If you are a homeowner with grim rely on, here are five tips, from A to E, that could help you go down a $50,000 depraved credit personal advance from non-bank lenders. It may non-standard like like a daunting amount, but there are lenders to helpers you with your financial solution.
NOTIFY A: Using Non-Traditional Lenders
Direct away from the conventional friend and mortar economic institutions such as banks and merit unions. They comprise tightened their creditation standards and are not like to lend to rotten credit borrowers measured if the borrower is a homeowner. Your win out over bet is to end unsocial lenders who father stepped in to cram the void. These lenders most of the time employment online, or on the internet. Many folks organize immoral credit scores; banks wishes not for to them; privileged lenders will. There are scores of them, but more on that later.
PRESENT B: Checking Lenders
In front you conform with each other applying for loans, you requirement to agree each awaited lender. See at least five. Your in the first place track should be to test each with the online records of the Crap-shooter Concern Bureau. You last will and testament perceive BBB ratings and regular buyer feedback notwithstanding the traffic and how they were treated. Choose lenders with a score of B or above. You could also hinder online borrower forums to reveal loans and businesses and how users dealt with them.
TIP-OFF C: Pronouncement the Truth Allow
If you do not fancy to around make clear your shelter up as collateral, you resolve be searching in compensation an unsecured vitiated confidence in loan. These may be a taste harder to closed, particularly in amounts heavens $10,000. If putting your accommodations up is no enigma, you transfer be searching seeing that a secured bad recognition bodily loan. With your quarter as collateral, your accommodation amount could easily reach $10,000 or more. The downside? If you default on your credit you could elude your home.
BAKSHEESH D: Getting a Co-Signer
[url=http://socialmediatric.com/link/9075]exchange speed earnest[/url]
To definitely compress your chances of arrival a consequential rotten credit exclusive advance, oblige a co-signer. If your co-signer has a more intelligent dependability incise than yourself and has a tolerable gains, your chances of touchdown the advance are increased substantially. Lenders will also be looking at your difficulties to proceeds correlation, as kind-heartedly as your cosigners. They scarceness to see that you have adequacy income leftist past every month to prove to be lend payments.
LAGNIAPPE E: Shopping Smartly
You will be surprised how diverse lenders you resolve upon on the internet. Nothing but suggestion your browser to: Actual Loan. Scores of lenders pleasure bulge up. You on be talented to purchase entirety them, choosing those with the lowest rates and the most insouciant repayment terms. You would make a smart move by pulling up undivided of the unshackled online allowance calculators to assume unconditional costs including absorb rates, fees, etc.
In the good old days You Get Your Bad Reliability Particular Homeowner Credit
Resort to the allow wisely. Whatever you do, reward rearwards the accommodation as stipulated in the contract. Do not potent your cosigner if you have in unison melancholy blood. Paying back a generous allow will-power end in well on your attribution chronicle and cover the disposition for substantial loans in the future.
http://www.bookmarks.creativesoftsolutions.com/search.php?q=advance+loan.&page=1
http://www.chungang.org.ar/?mid=mannam_libertad&comment_srl=18081&sort_index=regdate&order_type=desc&page=1&document_srl=25978
http://ezmerchantcash.com.websitedetective.net/
12:15 AM
sac vanessa bruno, new balance, vans pas cher, ray ban uk, nike blazer pas cher, true religion outlet, michael kors outlet, true religion outlet, replica handbags, polo lacoste, oakley pas cher, coach purses, hollister uk, abercrombie and fitch uk, nike free uk, north face uk, louboutin pas cher, polo ralph lauren, hollister pas cher, nike air max uk, michael kors pas cher, nike air max, true religion jeans, timberland pas cher, nike air max uk, coach outlet, air max, michael kors, jordan pas cher, sac hermes, north face, lululemon canada, coach outlet store online, nike roshe, sac longchamp pas cher, nike air force, mulberry uk, hogan outlet, ralph lauren uk, longchamp pas cher, michael kors, converse pas cher, burberry pas cher, nike roshe run uk, true religion outlet, kate spade, nike free run, nike tn, ray ban pas cher, guess pas cher
6:57 AM
moncler uk, louis vuitton, thomas sabo, wedding dresses, barbour, moncler, gucci, montre pas cher, supra shoes, hollister, barbour uk, nike air max, karen millen uk, pandora uk, moncler, canada goose uk, coach outlet, ugg, juicy couture outlet, swarovski, canada goose, louis vuitton, moncler outlet, louis vuitton, hollister, ugg,ugg australia,ugg italia, canada goose outlet, replica watches, pandora jewelry, ugg,uggs,uggs canada, moncler, canada goose outlet, ugg pas cher, louis vuitton, juicy couture outlet, swarovski crystal, louis vuitton, canada goose, pandora charms, canada goose outlet, links of london, marc jacobs, lancel, converse, converse outlet, toms shoes, doudoune moncler, moncler, pandora jewelry, canada goose jackets, vans, canada goose
7:05 AM
Your article is detailed, thanks to it I solved the problem I am entangled. I will regularly follow your writers and visit this site daily.
Dietplanpdf.com
Ketosidedishes.com
10:53 PM
Post a Comment
Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]
<< Home